Se ha publicado el “Report of the Reflection Group On the Future of EU Company Law”.
This present condition of the Union provides for paradoxical outcomes. When considering the formation of a company, the founders may take advantage of the company law regime of any Member State in the Union and are free to choose between them, but once the company has been formed, it cannot directly change its company law regime to that of another Member State. A Member State may prevent its national companies from moving their real seat out of its territory, but it cannot prevent a company of another Member State from operating in its territory irrespective of where its real seat is located. Member States can prevent their national companies from transferring to a different national company law regime and require them to keep their real seat in their territory, but they cannot prevent them from engaging in a merger with a company of another Member State which may effectively result in the adoption of a new company law regime and a transfer of the real seat as a result of the merger.
Harmonisation is only required to the extent necessary to introduce a right to transfer the registered office from one Member State to another and should not interfere with the national company law regime of either Member State beyond that
La Societas Europeae ha sido un – casi – fracaso y hay que simplificar la constitución de sociedades de un solo socio (“modelo de estatutos”) y la inscripción de sucursales. Lo de los registros mercantiles tiene poco interés. Lo que hay que hacer es colgar directamente en Internet toda la información (y hacer accesible a los robots de búsqueda la información) que está en los registros nacionales y dejar que los particulares preparen programas y páginas web que permitan acceder de la mejor manera posible a la información contenida en todos ellos.
Respecto de las recomendaciones sobre permitir a las sociedades un tratamiento discriminatorio a los accionistas cortoplacistas y largoplacistas no podemos estar de acuerdo. Recomienda el Informe
“to explore at the EU level a Directive or Recommendation which would offer all companies the possibility to amend their charters and/or Articles to make it easier for longer term objectives to prevail over short term-oriented pressure of certain shareholders. This may include the option for companies in all EU jurisdictions to state in their Articles that the board and the management of the company have to run it primarily in the interest of the company (and the enterprise associated therewith), which may have priority over the interest of individual shareholders if these two are in conflict and if serving the short term interest of shareholders would have a direct negative impact on the long-term viability of the company. Although, if adopted by shareholders, such a rule would take precedence over conflicting provisions of national law, it would not prejudice the authority of shareholders to approve (or not) certain decisions (some of which stem from EU Directives) like substantial transactions and divestments, mergers/schemes of arrangement and the authority of shareholders under the EU Takeover Directive85 (2004/25/EC)…
In order to favour long term share ownership and shareholder commitment:… Companies’ Articles should be allowed to provide for long term shareholders preferential treatment. These benefits might consist of: a) Enhanced voting rights b) Higher dividends… Coordination between the company and its long term shareholders to further its long term objectives should be possible without triggering rules on sharing of inside information and concerted action.
Lo propio cabe decir del “interés de la empresa a largo plazo” como interpretación del “interés social”. De nuevo, si en un Derecho rige el principio de autonomía estatutaria, las compañías pueden concretar el interés social como les plazca (v., el caso Craiglist).
Lo que no es de recibo es que la introducción de privilegios en cuanto al derecho de voto o en cuanto a los dividendos o la modificación del “interés social” de la compañía se haga por mayoría. Simplemente, porque estamos hablando de derechos individuales de los socios.
Nuestra propuesta sería más ambiciosa: el Derecho Europeo debería listar exhaustivamente las normas imperativas prohibiendo a los Estados ampliarla. De esa forma, Europa sí que sería el “libertador” de los ciudadanos frente a las imposiciones regulatorias de los Estados miembro.
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