LA DIFERENCIA ENTRE SER PRO MARKET Y PRO BUSINESS

Zingales sobre el distinto apoyo al capitalismo en los EE.UU y en Europa

"Capitalism calls not only for freedom of enterprise, but for rules and policies that allow for freedom of entry, that facilitate access to financial resources for newcomers, and that maintain a level playing field among competitors... While everyone benefits from a free and competitive market, no one in particular makes huge profits from keeping the system competitive and the playing field level. True capitalism lacks a strong lobby... Most lobbying is pro-business, in the sense that it promotes the interests of existing businesses, not pro-market in the sense of fostering truly free and open competition... Even before the internet boom created many young billionaires, in 1996, one in four billionaires in the United States could be described as “self-made” — compared to just one out of ten in Germany... The same cannot be said for most other countries, where the wealthiest people tend to accumulate their fortunes in regulated businesses in which government connections are crucial to success. ... in nations with large and powerful governments, the state ... tends to confound politics and economics... The larger the share of capitalists who acquire their wealth thanks to their political connections, the greater the perception that capitalism is unfair and corrupt.